Guidelines and Consensus
Consensus‑based guidelines for research in bracing in idiopathic scoliosis by the SRS comprehensive care committee in collaboration with SOSORT
Benjamin D. Roye · Alexander M. Park · Michael W. Brown · Mehdi M. Elfilali · Caglar Yilgor · Tom Schlösser · Sabrina Donzelli · Brian Smith · Stefano Negrini
Spine Deformity (2026) 14:1545–1555
Establishing consensus on the best practice guidelines for the use of bracing in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Benjamin D. Roye · Matthew E. Simhon · Hiroko Matsumoto · Prachi Bakarania · Hagit Berdishevsky · Lori A. Dolan · Kelly Grimes · Theodoros B. Grivas · Michael T. Hresko · Lori A. Karol · Baron S. Lonner · Michael Mendelow · Stefano Negrini · Peter O. Newton · Eric C. Parent · Manuel Rigo · Luke Strikeleather · John Tunney · Stuart L. Weinstein · Grant Wood · Michael G. Vitale
Spine Deformity (2020) 8:597–604
2016 SOSORT guidelines: orthopaedic and rehabilitation treatment of idiopathic scoliosis during growth.
Negrini S, Donzelli S, Aulisa AG, Czaprowski D, Schreiber S, de Mauroy JC, Diers H, Grivas TB, Knott P, Kotwicki T, Lebel A, Marti C, Maruyama T, O’Brien J, Price N, Parent E, Rigo M, Romano M, Stikeleather L, Wynne J, Zaina F.
Scoliosis Spinal Disord. 2018 Jan 10;13:3. doi: 10.1186/s13013-017-0145-8. eCollection 2018. Review.
PMID: 2943549
Brace Classification Study Group (BCSG): part one – definitions and atlas.
Grivas TB, de Mauroy JC, Wood G, Rigo M, Hresko MT, Kotwicki T, Negrini S.
Scoliosis Spinal Disord. 2016 Oct 31;11:43. eCollection 2016.
Recommendations for research studies on treatment of idiopathic scoliosis: Consensus 2014 between SOSORT and SRS non-operative management committee.
Negrini S, Hresko TM, O’Brien JP, Price N; SOSORT Boards; SRS Non-Operative Committee.
Scoliosis. 2015 Mar 7;10:8. doi: 10.1186/s13013-014-0025-4. eCollection 2015. Review.
PMID: 25780381
SOSORT 2012 consensus paper: reducing x-ray exposure in pediatric patients with scoliosis.
Knott P, Pappo E, Cameron M, Demauroy J, Rivard C, Kotwicki T, Zaina F, Wynne J, Stikeleather L, Bettany-Saltikov J, Grivas TB, Durmala J, Maruyama T, Negrini S, O’Brien JP, Rigo M.
Scoliosis. 2014 Apr 25;9:4. doi: 10.1186/1748-7161-9-4. eCollection 2014. Review
PMID: 24782912
Terminology – glossary including acronyms and quotations in use for the conservative spinal deformities treatment: 8th SOSORT consensus paper.
Grivas TB, de Mauroy JC, Négrini S, Kotwicki T, Zaina F, Wynne JH, Stokes IA, Knott P, Pizzetti P, Rigo M, Villagrasa M, Weiss HR, Maruyama T; SOSORT members.
Scoliosis. 2010 Nov 2;5:23. doi: 10.1186/1748-7161-5-23.
PMID: 21044334
7th SOSORT consensus paper: conservative treatment of idiopathic & Scheuermann’s kyphosis.
de Mauroy J, Weiss H, Aulisa A, Aulisa L, Brox J, Durmala J, Fusco C, Grivas T, Hermus J, Kotwicki T, Le Blay G, Lebel A, Marcotte L, Negrini S, Neuhaus L, Neuhaus T, Pizzetti P, Revzina L, Torres B, Van Loon P, Vasiliadis E, Villagrasa M, Werkman M, Wernicka M, Wong M, Zaina F.
Scoliosis. 2010 May 30;5:9. doi: 10.1186/1748-7161-5-9.
PMID: 20509962
Methodology of evaluation of morphology of the spine and the trunk in idiopathic scoliosis and other spinal deformities – 6th SOSORT consensus paper.
Kotwicki T, Negrini S, Grivas TB, Rigo M, Maruyama T, Durmala J, Zaina F; Members of the International Society on Scoliosis Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Treatment (SOSORT).
Scoliosis. 2009 Nov 26;4:26. doi: 10.1186/1748-7161-4-26.
PMID: 19941650
Conservative management of idiopathic scoliosis–guidelines based on SOSORT 2006 Consensus.
Kotwicki T, Durmała J, Czaprowski D, Głowacki M, Kołban M, Snela S, Sliwiński Z, Kowalski IM; SOSORT.
Ortop Traumatol Rehabil. 2009 Sep-Oct;11(5):379-95. English, Polish.
PMID: 19920281
Guidelines on “Standards of management of idiopathic scoliosis with corrective braces in everyday clinics and in clinical research”: SOSORT Consensus 2008.
Negrini S, Grivas TB, Kotwicki T, Rigo M, Zaina F; international Society on Scoliosis Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Treatment (SOSORT).
Scoliosis. 2009 Jan 16;4:2. doi: 10.1186/1748-7161-4-2.
PMID: 19149877
SOSORT consensus paper: school screening for scoliosis. Where are we today?
Grivas TB, Wade MH, Negrini S, O’Brien JP, Maruyama T, Hawes MC, Rigo M, Weiss HR, Kotwicki T, Vasiliadis ES, Sulam LN, Neuhous T.
Scoliosis. 2007 Nov 26;2:17.
PMID: 18039374
SOSORT consensus paper on brace action: TLSO biomechanics of correction (investigating the rationale for force vector selection)
Rigo M, Negrini S, Weiss HR, Grivas TB, Maruyama T, Kotwicki T; SOSORT.
Scoliosis. 2006 Jul 20;1:11.
PMID: 16857045
Physical exercises in the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis at risk of brace treatment — SOSORT consensus paper 2005.
Weiss HR, Negrini S, Hawes MC, Rigo M, Kotwicki T, Grivas TB, Maruyama T; members of the SOSORT.
Scoliosis. 2006 May 11;1:6. doi: 10.1186/1748-7161-1-6.
PMID: 16759360
Indications for conservative management of scoliosis (guidelines).
SOSORT guideline committee, Weiss HR, Negrini S, Rigo M, Kotwicki T, Hawes MC, Grivas TB, Maruyama T, Landauer F.
Scoliosis. 2006 May 8;1:5. doi: 10.1186/1748-7161-1-5.
PMID: 16759357
Why do we treat adolescent idiopathic scoliosis? What we want to obtain and to avoid for our patients. SOSORT 2005 Consensus paper.
Negrini S, Grivas TB, Kotwicki T, Maruyama T, Rigo M, Weiss HR; Members of the Scientific society On Scoliosis Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Treatment (SOSORT).
Scoliosis. 2006 Apr 10;1:4.
PMID: 16759352
Brace & PSSE Thematic Series
Physiotherapy scoliosis-specific exercises – a comprehensive review of seven major schools.
Berdishevsky H, Lebel VA, Bettany-Saltikov J, Rigo M, Lebel A, Hennes A, Romano M, Białek M, M’hango A, Betts T, de Mauroy JC, Durmala J.
Scoliosis Spinal Disord. 2016 Aug 4;11:20. doi: 10.1186/s13013-016-0076-9. eCollection 2016. Review.
PMID: 27525315
For more articles visit the Scoliosis & Spinal Disorders Journal
Our awards related publications
SOSORT Award Winner 2026: “Development of Consensus-Based Research Guidelines for Bracing Treatment in Idiopathic Scoliosis”
Alexander Park1 , Michael Brown1 , Mehdi Elfilali1 , Caglar Yilgor2 , Tom Schlosser3 , Stefano Negrini4 , Sabrina Donzelli5 , Brian Smith6 , Benjamin Roye1
1Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA. 2Koç University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. 3University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. 4University of Pavia, Paiva, Italy. 5Auxologico IRCCS, Piancavallo, Italy. 6Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Hartford, USA
SOSORT Award Winner 2026: “Early clinical improvement, delayed patient perception: divergent aesthetic outcomes during brace treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis”
Francesco Negrini1,2,3 , Irene Ferrario3 , Federico Negrini4 , Giulia Rebagliati3 , Fabio Zaina3 , Stefano Negrini5,6,3
1Università degli studi dell’Insubria, Varese, Italy. 2 Istituti clinici scientifici Maugeri, Tradate, Italy. 3 ISICO (Italian Scientific Spine Institute), Milan, Italy. 4 Il Point – ITOP, Verona, Italy. 5Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy. 6 IRCCS GaleazziSant’Ambrogio Hospital, Milan, Italy
SOSORT Award Winner 2025: “Asymmetry in Oxygen Dynamics in Paraspinal Muscles During Isometric Loading Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Teenagers with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis”
Winnie, Wai-ying Chan, Eliza, Rui Sun, Siu-Ngor Fu, Yong-Ping Zheng, Eric C Parent, Jason Pui-yin Cheung, Arnold Yu-lok Wong
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China. University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada. The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
SOSORT Award Winner 2025: “The “Idiopathic Scoliosis Graphical Representation of Worsening Trend of Natural History” (IS- GROWTH) Communication Tool Provides a Reliable Prediction Useful to Manage Long-Term Treatment During Growth”
Stefano Negrini, Francesco Negrini, Francesca Febbo, Greta Jurenaite, Carmelo Pulici, Fabio Zaina, Alberto Negrini
University of Milan, Milan, Italy. ISICO (Italian Scientific Spine Institute), Milan, Italy. University of Varese, Varese, Italy. IRCCS Fondazione Maugeri, Tradate (Varese), Italy.
Supplementary Addendum to “Radiation dose of digital radiography (DR) versus micro-dose x-ray (EOS) on patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: 2016 SOSORT- IRSSD “John Sevastic Award” Winner in Imaging Research”.
Hui SCN, Chu WCW.
Scoliosis Spinal Disord. 2018 Jan 8;13:1. doi: 10.1186/s13013-017-0148-5. eCollection 2018.
PMID: 29435497
Schroth physiotherapeutic scoliosis-specific exercises for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: how many patients require treatment to prevent one deterioration? – results from a randomized controlled trial – “SOSORT 2017 Award Winner”.
Schreiber S, Parent EC, Hill DL, Hedden DM, Moreau MJ, Southon SC.
Scoliosis Spinal Disord. 2017 Nov 14;12:26. doi: 10.1186/s13013-017-0137-8. eCollection 2017.
PMID: 29164179
Curve progression after long-term brace treatment in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: comparative results between over and under 30 Cobb degrees – SOSORT 2017 award winner.
Aulisa AG, Guzzanti V, Falciglia F, Galli M, Pizzetti P, Aulisa L.
Scoliosis Spinal Disord. 2017 Oct 30;12:36. doi: 10.1186/s13013-017-0142-y. eCollection 2017.
PMID: 29094108
Effectiveness of Schroth exercises during bracing in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: results from a preliminary study-SOSORT Award 2017 Winner.
Kwan KYH, Cheng ACS, Koh HY, Chiu AYY, Cheung KMC.
Scoliosis Spinal Disord. 2017 Oct 16;12:32. doi: 10.1186/s13013-017-0139-6. eCollection 2017.
PMID: 29051921
Radiation dose of digital radiography (DR) versus micro-dose x-ray (EOS) on patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: 2016 SOSORT- IRSSD “John Sevastic Award” Winner in Imaging Research.
Hui SC, Pialasse JP, Wong JY, Lam TP, Ng BK, Cheng JC, Chu WC.
Scoliosis Spinal Disord. 2016 Dec 29;11:46. doi: 10.1186/s13013-016-0106-7. eCollection 2016.
PMID: 28035336
The effect of Schroth exercises added to the standard of care on the quality of life and muscle endurance in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis-an assessor and statistician blinded randomized controlled trial: “SOSORT 2015 Award Winner”.
Schreiber S, Parent EC, Moez EK, Hedden DM, Hill D, Moreau MJ, Lou E, Watkins EM, Southon SC.
Scoliosis. 2015 Sep 18;10:24. doi: 10.1186/s13013-015-0048-5. eCollection 2015.
PMID: 26413145
The new Lyon ARTbrace versus the historical Lyon brace: a prospective case series of 148 consecutive scoliosis with short time results after 1 year compared with a historical retrospective case series of 100 consecutive scoliosis; SOSORT award 2015 winner.
de Mauroy JC, Journe A, Gagaliano F, Lecante C, Barral F, Pourret S.
Scoliosis. 2015 Aug 19;10:26. doi: 10.1186/s13013-015-0047-6. eCollection 2015. No abstract available.
PMID: 26300954
SOSORT Award Winner 2015: a multicentre study comparing the SPoRT and ART braces effectiveness according to the SOSORT-SRS recommendations.
Zaina F, de Mauroy JC, Donzelli S, Negrini S.
Scoliosis. 2015 Aug 11;10:23. doi: 10.1186/s13013-015-0049-4. eCollection 2015.
PMID: 26265932
In favour of the definition “adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis”: juvenile and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis braced after ten years of age, do not show different end results. SOSORT award winner 2014.
Donzelli S, Zaina F, Lusini M, Minnella S, Negrini S.
Scoliosis. 2014 Jun 27;9:7. doi: 10.1186/1748-7161-9-7. eCollection 2014.
PMID: 25031608
Correlation between compliance and brace treatment in juvenile and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: SOSORT 2014 award winner.
Aulisa AG, Giordano M, Falciglia F, Marzetti E, Poscia A, Guzzanti V.
Scoliosis. 2014 Jun 13;9:6. doi: 10.1186/1748-7161-9-6. eCollection 2014.
PMID: 24995038
The effect of compliance to a Rigo System Cheneau brace and a specific exercise programme on idiopathic scoliosis curvature: a comparative study: SOSORT 2014 award winner.
Rivett L, Stewart A, Potterton J.
Scoliosis. 2014 May 30;9:5. doi: 10.1186/1748-7161-9-5. eCollection 2014.
PMID: 24926318
Brace treatment in juvenile idiopathic scoliosis: a prospective study in accordance with the SRS criteria for bracing studies – SOSORT award 2013 winner.
Aulisa AG, Guzzanti V, Marzetti E, Giordano M, Falciglia F, Aulisa L.
Scoliosis. 2014 Apr 23;9:3. doi: 10.1186/1748-7161-9-3. eCollection 2014.
PMID: 24817906
A comparison approach to explain risks related to X-ray imaging for scoliosis, 2012 SOSORT award winner.
Pace N, Ricci L, Negrini S.
Scoliosis. 2013 Jul 2;8(1):11. doi: 10.1186/1748-7161-8-11.
PMID: 23819852
Team care to cure adolescents with braces (avoiding low quality of life, pain and bad compliance): a case-control retrospective study. 2011 SOSORT Award winner.
Tavernaro M, Pellegrini A, Tessadri F, Zaina F, Zonta A, Negrini S.
Scoliosis. 2012 Sep 20;7(1):17. doi: 10.1186/1748-7161-7-17.
PMID: 22995590
Joint hypermobility in children with idiopathic scoliosis: SOSORT award 2011 winner.
Czaprowski D, Kotwicki T, Pawłowska P, Stoliński L.
Scoliosis. 2011 Oct 7;6:22. doi: 10.1186/1748-7161-6-22.
PMID: 21981906
SpineCor treatment for Juvenile Idiopathic Scoliosis: SOSORT award 2010 winner.
Coillard C, Circo AB, Rivard CH.
Scoliosis. 2010 Nov 10;5:25. doi: 10.1186/1748-7161-5-25.
PMID: 21067608
Effectiveness of complete conservative treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (bracing and exercises) based on SOSORT management criteria: results according to the SRS criteria for bracing studies – SOSORT Award 2009 Winner.
Negrini S, Atanasio S, Fusco C, Zaina F.
Scoliosis. 2009 Sep 4;4:19. doi: 10.1186/1748-7161-4-19.
PMID: 19732429
Trunk asymmetry in juveniles.
Grivas TB, Vasiliadis ES, Mihas C, Triantafyllopoulos G, Kaspiris A. Scoliosis. 2008 Sep 23;3:13. doi: 10.1186/1748-7161-3-13. PMID: 18811937
Other important related publications
Braces for idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents.
Negrini S, Minozzi S, Bettany-Saltikov J, Chockalingam N, Grivas TB, Kotwicki T, Maruyama T, Romano M, Zaina F.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Jun 18;(6):CD006850. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006850.pub3. Review.
PMID: 26086959
